Protocols for Gametophyte Culturing

WEBVTT

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Uh, this webinar is gonna be recorded,

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but only the presenters and slide deck views.

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Um, a couple other housekeeping before we get going.

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Um, thank you all so much for joining us today.

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We’re really excited to be sharing this with you.

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Um, after the event,

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the recording will be shared on Green

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Waves Ocean Farming Hub.

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Um, if you haven’t had a chance yet, please, um,

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set your chat to everyone

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and introduce yourself with your name,

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what you do in the seaweed world,

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and where you’re joining from today.

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It’s great to see so many familiar names, uh, on the webinar

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with us and so many new names.

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Um, if you have questions

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or comments about the presentation, uh, please use the q

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and a function in Zoom, uh, as we go along,

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and we’ll answer them at the end of the presentation.

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We’ll leave plenty of time for, for that.

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Um, and, uh, in a little bit

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after folks have the chance to introduce themselves,

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uh, we will be closing the chat.

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My name is Toby Shepherd Block,

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and I am the director of infrastructure here at GreenWave,

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and I’ve been working on building reliable

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and robust seed supply chains for the last couple of years.

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Uh, joining me today are Maggie iLet and Josh Mazel.

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Uh, Maggie is the kelp Seed Production Manager at GreenWave,

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and Josh is a technical manager at Porter,

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who is instrumental in guiding this project.

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As I said, we’re really excited

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to be sharing this new guide on kelp seed propagation

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for trigger kelp today.

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Uh, using g using Gato fights

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after several years of piloting and scaling

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and developing protocols, the webinar will walk

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through why we embarked on this journey, how we did it,

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and the protocols that we’ve developed in partnership to hor

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with hoarder to guide others in replicating these methods.

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Our work in improving seed supply change was shaped

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by greenway’s overall approach.

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We listened to the field to identify challenges

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and bottlenecks, and then find solutions

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that are affordable, replicable, and scalable.

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GreenWave doesn’t always hold all the knowledge

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to solve these problems,

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but we can activate our network to find collaborators

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that have worked through similar problems and challenges,

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and we partner with them.

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And then GreenWave kind of works as a consumer, reports

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for the industry, trying out solutions, validating them,

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and then sharing them back to the field so

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that others can build on them

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and shorten the innovation cycle.

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GreenWave started the seed work in response to

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what we were hearing from farmers

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and seeing on our own farm.

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Late and low quality seed grown from spore releases

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wasn’t meeting the needs of farmers.

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Seed was late because warming ocean temperatures resulted in

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reproductive source appearing later

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and later, which pushed back our out plantings into December

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compared to October, just a decade ago.

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Growing seed from spore release dictates the timing

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of seed production based on that emergence of wild source,

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and we knew we had to break

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that dependency simultaneously.

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GreenWave was experiencing increasing levels

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of a contamination in our nursery, driven by three factors,

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contamination from score releases going directly into

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production tanks, insufficient water filtration

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and treatment for our propagation tanks,

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and a burdensome ab tank format that required moving spools

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to new tanks every seven days and sanitizing tanks weekly.

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This all combined to, uh, leading us to need

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to overproduce seed in anticipation of a 10

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to 20% loss from contamination,

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which created even more work in the nursery

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and drove up the cost of producing seed.

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Low quality and late seed resulted in smaller harvests,

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pushing farmers to harvest later in the season

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and increasing the risk of biofouling

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hurting their bottom line.

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And in this slide, you can really see, see these,

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these dynamics at play.

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This is from 2022, uh,

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and you see that the,

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the yield on our farm was quite meager.

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And in the inset photo, you see some examples

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of the contamination that we were seeing in our nursery.

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So as we stepped back and

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and looked at how to solve these challenges, we knew

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that we wanted a commercial scale approach

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that had been proven out.

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We didn’t wanna get lost in an RD cycle

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that might generate more questions than answers.

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And so we were connected to hoarder through our network, uh,

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through Charlie, uh, who’s joining us here today, Dr.

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Yaris, and began collaborating in late 2021 on the heels

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of a challenging nursery service season for us.

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Parts of our system that weren’t readily accessible

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for cleaning and sanitizing have become contaminated,

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and that have led to increasing levels of school failures.

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We decided it was time to not only rebuild our nursery,

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but also figure out a better overall

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approach to seed production.

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And so we visited Hoarder’s facility in the Netherlands

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and saw their results and system firsthand

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and decided that they were the right partners

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to support us in establishing a seed bank in an

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optimized nursery system.

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Josh led this product project for the Hoarder team

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and is going to share some

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of the reflections on why the partner made sense

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for partnership made sense for Hoarder,

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and why it was so successful for both of us.

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Josh, thanks so much for working late today

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and making the time to join us.

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Perfect. Thanks Toby.

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And, uh, thank you to everyone at the GreenWave

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team for, uh, having me.

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It’s really nice to speak here today

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and, uh, yeah, look back on a great

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and challenging three years

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and yeah, it’s really nice to share

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a lot of the results we’ve had.

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And I just wanna highlight a little bit about Ari,

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who we are as Ari, um,

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and why we found GreenWave to be the perfect partner

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for the Yeah, the back end of 2021.

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So as to je, uh, said, I’m calling in from the Netherlands.

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Uh, Ari is based in the Netherlands, uh,

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and we are some of one

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of a couple global leaders in seaweed, propagation

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and production, as well

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as bringing new species into production.

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So we’re a private company, so everything we wanna do

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has the vision of production and farming.

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At the end of it, we like

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to build our foundations from science.

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Over the years, we’ve noticed a lot

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of the industry was built on assumptions, which had big, uh,

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big implications when we began to scale.

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So it was very important we took a step back

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and put all the right building blocks in at the right place.

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And we built this through science

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and research, which was a heavy investment

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over the first few years.

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So a lot of what we do is in building robust, simple,

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and reliable systems always for seed production.

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So we don’t farm, that’s a very clear distinction.

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So we focus purely on gene banking

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and seed production for farmers.

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But with that comes the need

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to understand your water processing,

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your com unified husband tree,

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and of course, the induction processes.

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We try to identify

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and build cost effective, uh, seed production systems

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that meets the standard of the industry.

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So not trying to design something that’s too complicated

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that works in theory, but rather design something robust

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and effective that can actually be used by the industry.

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We believe it’s best to build something

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that the industry can adopt so we can all scale together.

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As mentioned, we’ve been around for about 10 years now.

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Um, and we’ve mostly focused on, uh, sugar kelp, saccharin,

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Laima, and Winged kelp in the Atlantic.

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Also, aria Escala.

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The life cycles are close to identical, so the protocols

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and practices were, were interchangeable

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for the relationship with GreenWave.

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We only focused on Charin and Laima or sugar kelp.

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All these protocols developed were for production needs

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and for farming outputs.

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So we realized, um, here in Europe that to team up

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with a non-for-profit was going to be very beneficial.

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A lot of the information that we were trying to share

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and the the state of the industry we were trying to take it

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to or build, was a lot easier with a partner like GreenWave

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who would be open to share

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and train a lot of the people using these protocols.

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It’s very difficult to adopt this without the support of a,

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of a group, like of a non-for-profit like GreenWave.

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And we noticed there was a se a very quick match early on

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where we had the shade commitment

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and vision for the industry as we both wanted

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to develop affordable

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and replicable seed production and farming models.

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And again, we believe this would be the best way to grow

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and professionalize the industry.

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So I think this is an important slide to highlight a couple

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of the, the key takeaways and things that really worked, um,

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and really created a nice synergy

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between Meyer and GreenWave.

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So even though we had been around for about six years,

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we still very much have a humble and beginner’s mindset.

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Yes, there’s years of experience,

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but there are so many things to consider in doing this right

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and scaling this and making this replicable that we had

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to remain humble and understand there’s gonna be constant

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challenges and we can, we have to continue to innovate

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and understand what we were doing on a very deep level.

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Coordination and communication was also essential.

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And I think the results we’ve seen wouldn’t have been

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possible without frequent visits of our team to the states

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as well as the GreenWave team to Ari

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for training on a couple of different occasions

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that face-to-face time

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and onsite training is really important

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to move this forward in the way it needed to be moved

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and the right capacity at the right time.

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The match was very good in terms of what GreenWave needed,

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what the industry needed, and what Ari had invested in.

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We both needed a solution to scale.

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So that was a really good moment to join forces

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and solve some of these problems.

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Also here at Ho Ma, we have a very diverse team.

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We don’t believe any single person can solve these problems.

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They’re very complicated industry-wide.

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So we have about 30 people coming from all continents, uh,

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and speak multiple languages,

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which creates a lot of fun at work.

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But that diversity of problem solving

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and experience, including networks,

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was really essential in solving a lot

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of these c problems early on.

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And collaboration, without sharing

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and honesty, it, it,

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it’s not gonna go away very far early on.

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So that was very important in the early weeks to months,

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was building that transparency

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and trust between both partners, which we did,

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and very proud to say there are good results did follow.

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So we believe strongly without collaboration,

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the industry will not move in the way it needs to go.

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And I think our relationship

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and the results we have is a testament to that.

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So I just wanna thank Toby

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and the GreenWave team again for having me.

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And, uh, back to you Toby.

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Thanks so much, Josh.

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It’s been a pleasure working with you

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and the rest of Porter

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to advance seed production over the last couple years.

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Um, and, and I think, you know, really wanna under, uh,

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emphasize that both parties, uh, had had done a lot

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of work growing seed, but,

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but came to this with a fresh head of eyes.

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Um, and were willing to question some assumptions, um, and,

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and be very humble throughout this process.

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And that was really important to, to move the ball forward.

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So I’m briefly gonna go over what we did together.

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Um, we broke the Seed Pro problem into two parts,

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improving nursery de nursery design

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for better seed string production,

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and establishing a seed bank to control the timing

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and quality of seed string precursor

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material for the nursery.

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We started by building our tearing out our old nursery

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and starting with a blank state

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rebuilding from the ground up.

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A, a, a super optimized

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and efficient nursery platform based on an insulated

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shipping container, um, that was affordable,

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scalable, and replicable.

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And we’ve already, uh, seen that replication effect.

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Take, take root. Uh, one of these has been built up in Maine

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and, and we’re, we’re working

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to see them in other geographies.

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This season we’ve implemented a system

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to sanitize the salt water that we use in bulk quantities

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for a reasonable cost

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and adopted management practices

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that lowered the labor required to run the nursery as well

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as mitigating the risks of contamination.

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Last year we published a guide to this nursery platform,

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seed production pathways to scale,

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which is available on green wave’s, ocean farming hub,

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and has all the details you need to build a similar system.

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The second part of the puzzle was getting away from spore

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release to inoculate spools, which creates a lot of risk

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because sous blades are often carriers

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for organisms we’re not trying to grow.

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Gato bytes are the solution to this challenge.

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Seed banking of gato bytes allows us to control the timing

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of seed production.

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So farmers tell nurseries when seed is needed as opposed

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to the emergence of sous the finding the calendar.

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This gives farmers abilities

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to outplant at the optimal window,

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maximizing the seeds access to light

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and nutrient resources resulting in a strong

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start in bigger yields.

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Establishing cultures is also a quality control process.

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Severely contaminated cultures can be discarded

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and moderate contamination can be treated.

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So when you go into health production checks

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and identify remaining contamination,

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it can be effectively managed throughout the process

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by segregating those moderately uh, infected cultures.

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Lastly, and maybe most importantly, for green GreenWave,

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our seed bank gives farmers the ability

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00:13:32.955 –> 00:13:34.255
to own their own seed.

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Farmers collect sous and send it to us for culturing,

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00:13:38.195 –> 00:13:39.615
and then receive gato fights

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for the next year’s production and their nurseries.

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The results of this work are reliable production

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of seed string lifting the cloud of uncertainty

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00:13:51.805 –> 00:13:54.775
that is left farmers wondering when there will get their

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00:13:54.775 –> 00:13:58.995
seed, and if it would be of sufficient quality in addition

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to eliminating school failure and turning out consistently.

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Good looking schools,

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00:14:03.265 –> 00:14:05.555
farmers are seeing the results out in the ocean.

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On the Greenway farm.

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We saw the highest yields ever in the first year

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of gato fight seed out planting.

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00:14:12.455 –> 00:14:15.035
And in Southern New England, farmers have seen a doubling

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of yield without planting closer to that optimal window,

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something that just wasn’t possible

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with spore seeding due to the delay.

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00:14:21.815 –> 00:14:26.735
In so last fall, we’ve expanded our seed bank

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00:14:26.735 –> 00:14:27.975
to include strains from the Gulf

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00:14:27.975 –> 00:14:30.095
of Maine growing gato gametophyte

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for the Maine Family Sea Farms nursery, so

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00:14:32.015 –> 00:14:34.175
that they can pivot from spore seeded

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to gametophyte seeded material.

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00:14:38.305 –> 00:14:40.125
Now I’d like to turn it over to Maggie,

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00:14:40.415 –> 00:14:43.005
who’s been leading much of this work in the GreenWave lab

331
00:14:43.005 –> 00:14:45.405
and nursery to talk to you about the new material

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00:14:45.405 –> 00:14:46.565
that we’re releasing.

333
00:14:49.095 –> 00:14:51.725
Thanks, Toby. Hi everyone. Thanks for joining us today.

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00:14:52.385 –> 00:14:54.845
Um, so before we get into the courses, I wanted

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00:14:54.845 –> 00:14:56.325
to talk a little bit about how

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00:14:57.235 –> 00:14:59.565
Gita fights change the game here at GreenWave, um,

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00:14:59.585 –> 00:15:02.485
and how they affect the propagation timeline compared

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00:15:02.485 –> 00:15:04.005
to traditional sports seating methods.

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00:15:04.785 –> 00:15:07.125
So for sports seating, like many of you know,

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00:15:07.475 –> 00:15:10.605
each year you collect the wild source from the local beds

341
00:15:10.605 –> 00:15:13.205
around the area where your farm is.

342
00:15:13.465 –> 00:15:16.885
Um, you take that back to the lab and you start your seed.

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00:15:17.625 –> 00:15:20.605
Um, the following year, the timeline looks the same

344
00:15:21.415 –> 00:15:23.635
and the following, and every single year it looks the same.

345
00:15:24.015 –> 00:15:26.795
The issue that was happening in Southern New England

346
00:15:26.795 –> 00:15:30.315
for us was that this was highly dependent on when the source

347
00:15:30.335 –> 00:15:33.355
was available and that source was becoming available later

348
00:15:33.355 –> 00:15:35.955
and later in the season, which was leading

349
00:15:35.955 –> 00:15:38.195
to later outplant, like Toby mentioned before.

350
00:15:39.155 –> 00:15:41.535
So for gato fight seeding, um,

351
00:15:41.995 –> 00:15:43.295
you can collect the source tissue

352
00:15:43.295 –> 00:15:44.375
at any time that it’s available.

353
00:15:44.915 –> 00:15:49.495
In the wild here we still get two seasonal difference times,

354
00:15:49.755 –> 00:15:54.015
um, but in Alaska it’s available more frequently year round.

355
00:15:54.315 –> 00:15:57.295
Um, and in other places that might be different too.

356
00:15:58.095 –> 00:16:00.015
Whenever it’s available, you can bring it back to the lab,

357
00:16:00.165 –> 00:16:02.175
process it in a similar way,

358
00:16:02.235 –> 00:16:04.495
and create mixed GA to fight cultures.

359
00:16:05.395 –> 00:16:08.375
Um, throughout the year, you’ll take care of those cultures,

360
00:16:08.635 –> 00:16:11.295
um, and water change them and keep them alive

361
00:16:11.315 –> 00:16:12.375
and continue to grow them.

362
00:16:13.535 –> 00:16:16.235
The following year, you can follow a similar timeline,

363
00:16:17.395 –> 00:16:18.855
or at the end of the year, you’ll start

364
00:16:18.855 –> 00:16:20.015
your spool production.

365
00:16:20.195 –> 00:16:23.415
And, um, that’s, you can really decide the timing

366
00:16:23.415 –> 00:16:25.575
that you want because you can, um,

367
00:16:25.795 –> 00:16:28.615
induce those ga unified cultures on your spools.

368
00:16:28.975 –> 00:16:31.575
Whenever you want the spools to go in the water

369
00:16:32.355 –> 00:16:35.335
the following the year, you would use a similar timeline,

370
00:16:35.335 –> 00:16:38.375
collect more source to supplement your existing cultures

371
00:16:39.115 –> 00:16:42.375
and create new cultures, continue to take care

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00:16:42.375 –> 00:16:44.495
of those cultures and then start spools

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00:16:44.495 –> 00:16:45.855
again at the end of the season.

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00:16:47.175 –> 00:16:48.505
This cycle continues.

375
00:16:48.765 –> 00:16:51.985
Um, some of your older, older cultures will be phased out.

376
00:16:52.085 –> 00:16:54.505
You’ll continue to supplement with wild collection.

377
00:16:54.725 –> 00:16:56.985
You’ll continue to make spools, um,

378
00:16:57.005 –> 00:16:59.225
and your gamify collection, um, will grow.

379
00:17:01.045 –> 00:17:04.185
So with Gato fight seed banking, like Toby mentioned,

380
00:17:04.365 –> 00:17:06.625
our production capacity at GreenWave grew

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00:17:06.625 –> 00:17:08.065
significantly each year.

382
00:17:08.445 –> 00:17:11.425
Um, in this past year, we had enough gato fight biomass

383
00:17:11.575 –> 00:17:14.625
that we could have seeded about 320,000 feet

384
00:17:14.625 –> 00:17:16.345
of seed stringing if we used it all.

385
00:17:18.655 –> 00:17:20.935
So, um, that’s everything about

386
00:17:21.275 –> 00:17:24.495
how the gamify changed the process here at GreenWave.

387
00:17:24.915 –> 00:17:27.895
Um, and now we’ll walk through the two new hub courses.

388
00:17:28.785 –> 00:17:31.135
These two hub courses, uh, like Toby

389
00:17:31.135 –> 00:17:33.295
and Josh mentioned, are a reflection of the knowledge

390
00:17:33.295 –> 00:17:35.935
that Meyer shared with us, as well as, um,

391
00:17:36.405 –> 00:17:38.135
what GreenWave saw while we were

392
00:17:38.135 –> 00:17:39.455
implementing these protocols.

393
00:17:39.795 –> 00:17:41.175
Um, in our own nursery,

394
00:17:41.995 –> 00:17:45.335
the first course building a gata fight seed bank goes over

395
00:17:45.355 –> 00:17:48.095
the steps that you need to take to start gata fight,

396
00:17:48.665 –> 00:17:50.605
start a ga fight seed bank, um,

397
00:17:50.965 –> 00:17:54.045
anywhere from the new lab equipment that you might need to

398
00:17:54.105 –> 00:17:56.045
how you’ll take care of your cultures on a

399
00:17:56.045 –> 00:17:57.085
monthly, daily basis.

400
00:17:58.185 –> 00:18:01.405
The second course propagating seed string from Gita fights

401
00:18:01.955 –> 00:18:04.165
goes over the process of using those gata fights

402
00:18:04.165 –> 00:18:07.005
to start your seed and growing that seed in the nursery.

403
00:18:07.945 –> 00:18:10.245
Um, that goes over painting all

404
00:18:10.245 –> 00:18:12.285
of the environmental conditions that we use.

405
00:18:12.745 –> 00:18:17.005
Um, and all the things like both of these courses, um,

406
00:18:17.225 –> 00:18:19.165
are linked in the chat.

407
00:18:19.405 –> 00:18:20.845
I think Carmen just shared the links

408
00:18:20.865 –> 00:18:24.325
and they’re on the main page of the hub courses page,

409
00:18:25.185 –> 00:18:26.765
um, online.

410
00:18:30.815 –> 00:18:33.355
So like Josh and Toby explained, um, the courses

411
00:18:33.535 –> 00:18:35.075
and protocols outlined them were written

412
00:18:35.105 –> 00:18:37.075
with these four common themes.

413
00:18:37.885 –> 00:18:41.595
First sanitization, um, we put increased focus on that,

414
00:18:41.595 –> 00:18:43.195
especially in our water system

415
00:18:43.735 –> 00:18:47.115
and during source processing to help mitigate contamination.

416
00:18:47.975 –> 00:18:50.835
Um, and then the gata fight cultures are kept long term,

417
00:18:51.015 –> 00:18:53.715
so making sure the contamination is low when they’re started

418
00:18:53.855 –> 00:18:56.875
is essential to being able to keep them long term

419
00:18:57.095 –> 00:18:58.715
and continue to grow your capacity.

420
00:18:59.395 –> 00:19:01.075
Secondly, the mitigation of risk.

421
00:19:01.255 –> 00:19:05.155
At all stages of gata fight cultivation, we wanna plan

422
00:19:05.155 –> 00:19:06.995
for failure so that the risk is lower.

423
00:19:07.895 –> 00:19:11.195
Um, and this in ways ties into the replication for scale.

424
00:19:11.615 –> 00:19:14.435
For example, when we start new cultures, um,

425
00:19:14.445 –> 00:19:16.075
we’re using mixed cultures

426
00:19:16.455 –> 00:19:18.395
and we’re making a lot of small containers

427
00:19:18.395 –> 00:19:21.195
for each blade rather than a fewer, fewer,

428
00:19:21.375 –> 00:19:22.435
bigger containers.

429
00:19:22.695 –> 00:19:25.715
Um, that way it decreases the possibility that we would have

430
00:19:25.715 –> 00:19:28.075
to throw out a bunch of cultures.

431
00:19:28.215 –> 00:19:30.915
Um, if there was contamination, there’s a chance

432
00:19:30.915 –> 00:19:32.955
that only a few of them might be contaminated.

433
00:19:33.895 –> 00:19:35.315
Lastly, which is really important,

434
00:19:35.735 –> 00:19:36.875
um, the production mindset.

435
00:19:37.255 –> 00:19:40.755
So all the protocols in the course are tailored to operators

436
00:19:40.755 –> 00:19:42.755
that are looking to produce seed at scale.

437
00:19:43.495 –> 00:19:46.235
Um, they’ll also work for smaller nursery operators,

438
00:19:46.295 –> 00:19:48.635
but we’re really focused on the scale here.

439
00:19:49.375 –> 00:19:51.315
Um, we’re only seeding schools

440
00:19:51.385 –> 00:19:54.355
with mixed cul mixed cultures rather than clonal cultures.

441
00:19:54.575 –> 00:19:56.595
Um, and we’re seeding entire tanks

442
00:19:56.595 –> 00:19:59.515
or maybe the entire nursery with a single

443
00:20:00.065 –> 00:20:01.235
seeding mix at times.

444
00:20:03.745 –> 00:20:08.445
So to walk through a little bit of the courses, um,

445
00:20:08.535 –> 00:20:09.605
these are the sections

446
00:20:09.605 –> 00:20:12.085
that make up the building A Gata Fight course,

447
00:20:12.715 –> 00:20:13.805
GATA Fight Seed Bank course.

448
00:20:14.985 –> 00:20:17.685
Um, the introduction is a basic explanation

449
00:20:17.685 –> 00:20:21.245
of the life cycle, which we’ve included in other courses in

450
00:20:21.245 –> 00:20:24.125
the Hub before, um, including, uh, Dr.

451
00:20:24.125 –> 00:20:26.005
Charlie Ish’s, uh,

452
00:20:26.005 –> 00:20:28.725
lifecycle diagram from the Seaweed Culture Handbook

453
00:20:29.105 –> 00:20:31.485
and some other background information on the kelp

454
00:20:33.165 –> 00:20:35.585
GA Unified Culturing requires more lab space

455
00:20:35.725 –> 00:20:38.105
and equipment than traditional spore seeding methods.

456
00:20:38.285 –> 00:20:40.985
So the sec second section of the course, uh,

457
00:20:41.035 –> 00:20:43.465
talks about equipment that might be useful when you’re

458
00:20:43.585 –> 00:20:45.025
starting and caring for the cultures.

459
00:20:46.375 –> 00:20:49.845
Then we jump into, um, a section of the course

460
00:20:49.845 –> 00:20:52.565
that builds on the existing seed production pathways

461
00:20:52.565 –> 00:20:55.405
to scale course that was published on the Hub last year

462
00:20:55.945 –> 00:20:57.085
and goes through sourcing,

463
00:20:57.605 –> 00:20:59.605
storing cleaning water for production.

464
00:21:00.265 –> 00:21:02.045
Um, one important difference here is

465
00:21:02.045 –> 00:21:05.645
that we use an added pasteurization step for the water

466
00:21:05.665 –> 00:21:07.845
that’s being used for the gametophyte cultures.

467
00:21:08.305 –> 00:21:10.925
We don’t do that for the, um, nursery tanks.

468
00:21:12.345 –> 00:21:14.765
The last section in section three is about, uh,

469
00:21:14.765 –> 00:21:17.005
making medias media and solutions.

470
00:21:17.385 –> 00:21:20.365
And there you’ll find a chart with the concentrations

471
00:21:20.425 –> 00:21:24.125
for stock solutions, how we use them when we use them, um,

472
00:21:24.425 –> 00:21:28.365
and other useful information, um, for both gamify cultures

473
00:21:28.365 –> 00:21:29.365
and nursery tanks.

474
00:21:30.145 –> 00:21:33.205
And then the last two sections, sections four

475
00:21:33.205 –> 00:21:36.845
and five, we go through the process of initiating cultures,

476
00:21:37.645 –> 00:21:38.645
maintaining those cultures.

477
00:21:39.065 –> 00:21:43.285
Um, it covers new source processing

478
00:21:43.535 –> 00:21:47.965
guidelines, um, how to collect source the release, um,

479
00:21:48.065 –> 00:21:50.005
and how to keep your cultures healthy in general.

480
00:21:50.905 –> 00:21:54.285
And in there there’s a lot of resources that we’ve, um,

481
00:21:54.285 –> 00:21:58.005
gotten requests for in the past, like identifying

482
00:21:58.005 –> 00:22:02.165
and treating contamination, um, how to grind gata fights

483
00:22:02.505 –> 00:22:05.765
and everything you’ll need to do to keep them healthy.

484
00:22:07.865 –> 00:22:11.285
So the second course propagating seed string from gata

485
00:22:11.285 –> 00:22:13.525
fights is split into four sections.

486
00:22:14.585 –> 00:22:17.445
The first section goes through what’s required to prepare

487
00:22:17.445 –> 00:22:21.245
for the upcoming nursery system nursery season.

488
00:22:21.345 –> 00:22:23.925
In many ways it’s similar to spore seating.

489
00:22:24.065 –> 00:22:27.885
We used a, we used the same system mostly for spore seating

490
00:22:27.885 –> 00:22:29.725
before we started Gita Fight seating.

491
00:22:31.295 –> 00:22:33.795
And it really, it also builds on stuff

492
00:22:33.795 –> 00:22:35.915
that’s outlined in the pathways to scale course

493
00:22:35.915 –> 00:22:36.915
that’s already on the hub.

494
00:22:38.135 –> 00:22:42.305
Um, then we go into protocols for shipping

495
00:22:42.485 –> 00:22:44.145
and shipping seed spools

496
00:22:44.145 –> 00:22:46.545
and gata fight biomass, uh,

497
00:22:46.545 –> 00:22:49.305
which will be important if you are building a good gata

498
00:22:49.305 –> 00:22:50.945
fight seed bank, other people will,

499
00:22:51.055 –> 00:22:52.785
will want some of the gata fights.

500
00:22:53.545 –> 00:22:57.075
This third section nursery operations walks

501
00:22:57.075 –> 00:23:00.435
through the process of preparing biomass for seeding

502
00:23:00.975 –> 00:23:02.475
by weighing it, grinding it,

503
00:23:02.475 –> 00:23:04.395
and then painting it onto the seed string,

504
00:23:05.285 –> 00:23:06.385
and then checking the health

505
00:23:06.385 –> 00:23:07.865
of your spools throughout the season.

506
00:23:08.925 –> 00:23:11.665
In there, there’s more resources like charts,

507
00:23:11.665 –> 00:23:14.985
including pictures on how to identify contamination

508
00:23:15.565 –> 00:23:18.145
before they get too bad in your seed tanks.

509
00:23:19.165 –> 00:23:23.305
And then lastly, general facility operations is a section

510
00:23:23.415 –> 00:23:27.305
that suggests basic guidelines to adhere to, um, in your lab

511
00:23:27.305 –> 00:23:31.345
and nursery, including biosecurity for cultures, um,

512
00:23:31.965 –> 00:23:33.585
as well as outlining some of the cleaning

513
00:23:33.605 –> 00:23:35.385
and sterilization practices.

514
00:23:36.085 –> 00:23:37.825
Um, and then the biosecurity

515
00:23:37.845 –> 00:23:39.785
for the cultures is really important,

516
00:23:39.785 –> 00:23:42.425
making sure they’re all named the right way

517
00:23:42.425 –> 00:23:44.825
because, uh, we wanna make sure that we’re, um,

518
00:23:44.885 –> 00:23:47.005
following reg regulatory guidelines

519
00:23:47.065 –> 00:23:50.965
and not mixing any of our, uh, cultures up with each other.

520
00:23:53.575 –> 00:23:56.715
So all of these things, uh, on the hub,

521
00:23:56.775 –> 00:23:57.875
you can walk through the courses.

522
00:23:58.785 –> 00:24:00.795
Some of the most important parts

523
00:24:00.795 –> 00:24:02.875
of those are these new resources.

524
00:24:03.655 –> 00:24:06.795
Um, we’ve gotten a lot of, um, requests from people

525
00:24:07.425 –> 00:24:08.835
over the last year to

526
00:24:08.975 –> 00:24:11.395
to learn more about different contamination, how

527
00:24:11.395 –> 00:24:12.835
to treat it, how to id it.

528
00:24:13.215 –> 00:24:17.875
Uh, we’ve also gotten other requests for, um, like

529
00:24:17.875 –> 00:24:19.595
what environmental conditions we’re using.

530
00:24:19.855 –> 00:24:24.195
All of these resources are in downloadable formats, um,

531
00:24:24.505 –> 00:24:25.755
available on the hub.

532
00:24:26.055 –> 00:24:28.815
And if we’ve sent those to you in the past,

533
00:24:28.925 –> 00:24:30.415
we’d encourage you to re-download them

534
00:24:30.695 –> 00:24:33.415
’cause they’ve been edited to be easier to use.

535
00:24:33.635 –> 00:24:36.055
Um, and in some cases, a little bit

536
00:24:36.055 –> 00:24:37.135
of the content has changed.

537
00:24:37.955 –> 00:24:42.255
But the great news is there’s a new hub layout design

538
00:24:42.275 –> 00:24:44.335
called, um, that we’re calling Learn,

539
00:24:44.635 –> 00:24:47.775
and it makes it a lot easier to access these resources.

540
00:24:48.445 –> 00:24:51.495
Each of the resources has an individual page.

541
00:24:51.795 –> 00:24:54.975
You can search by topic, you can search by keyword.

542
00:24:55.475 –> 00:24:57.975
Um, and this helps for the more experienced

543
00:24:58.045 –> 00:24:59.095
nursery operators.

544
00:24:59.095 –> 00:25:02.175
You don’t have to click all the way through the course to,

545
00:25:02.435 –> 00:25:04.215
um, find the resources.

546
00:25:04.235 –> 00:25:06.655
You can now just search ’em that way.

547
00:25:09.675 –> 00:25:13.215
Um, and then lastly, as always, we’d encourage everyone

548
00:25:13.235 –> 00:25:14.615
to share any questions

549
00:25:14.635 –> 00:25:16.775
or updates on your farms in your nurseries

550
00:25:17.275 –> 00:25:18.455
to the Hub community.

551
00:25:19.035 –> 00:25:22.015
Um, we monitor the community page really closely,

552
00:25:22.355 –> 00:25:25.335
so it’s the best way to get a reply from GreenWave staff

553
00:25:25.955 –> 00:25:29.335
and publicly sharing information, um, creates a lot

554
00:25:29.335 –> 00:25:31.495
of open source resources for everyone else

555
00:25:31.955 –> 00:25:33.855
and helps everyone be more successful.

556
00:25:33.995 –> 00:25:35.815
So, um, that’s all I have.

557
00:25:35.815 –> 00:25:36.975
Thanks for listening,

558
00:25:37.115 –> 00:25:39.255
and hopefully I’ll see you all on the hub.

559
00:25:45.835 –> 00:25:46.855
Thanks so much, Maggie.

560
00:25:47.075 –> 00:25:48.815
Uh, that was a really fantastic

561
00:25:49.175 –> 00:25:50.255
overview of what we’ve pulled together.

562
00:25:50.435 –> 00:25:53.975
Um, I, I see a question in, in, in the chat about, uh,

563
00:25:53.975 –> 00:25:56.095
whether we’re gonna go through the actual methods, um,

564
00:25:56.095 –> 00:25:57.815
in this webinar and, and we actually aren’t.

565
00:25:57.875 –> 00:26:00.695
Um, uh, and there’s an important reason behind that.

566
00:26:01.155 –> 00:26:03.455
Um, and, and that is that, uh, while a lot

567
00:26:03.455 –> 00:26:06.815
of these approaches, um, are, are very simple in,

568
00:26:06.875 –> 00:26:09.535
in their structure, uh, what we’ve found in the work

569
00:26:09.535 –> 00:26:12.295
with EMR over the last several years is that the, the,

570
00:26:12.295 –> 00:26:14.295
the small details are very, very important.

571
00:26:14.755 –> 00:26:17.855
And so what Maggie has really worked very hard doing is

572
00:26:17.945 –> 00:26:20.895
developing those, those critical details, um,

573
00:26:21.085 –> 00:26:22.375
into checklists and,

574
00:26:22.475 –> 00:26:25.575
and SOPs that are, that are the resources she described

575
00:26:25.925 –> 00:26:27.615
that are downloaded on the hub, and,

576
00:26:27.795 –> 00:26:30.335
and sometimes sharing them, um, EE you know,

577
00:26:30.335 –> 00:26:32.975
either in a verbal format or in a more casual format.

578
00:26:33.225 –> 00:26:35.535
Those little details can get lost, um,

579
00:26:35.675 –> 00:26:36.935
and really trip people up.

580
00:26:36.955 –> 00:26:39.375
So we’re really encouraging people to, um,

581
00:26:39.445 –> 00:26:42.295
work from the materials that Maggie has generated, um,

582
00:26:42.295 –> 00:26:44.045
because that’s going to, uh,

583
00:26:44.045 –> 00:26:45.965
help them avoid some common pitfalls.

584
00:26:47.825 –> 00:26:51.805
Uh, so I see we have some questions, uh, in the q and a.

585
00:26:52.505 –> 00:26:56.085
Um, uh, we, uh, start at the end.

586
00:26:56.305 –> 00:27:00.725
Um, uh, the resources on the hub are all available for free.

587
00:27:00.985 –> 00:27:04.605
Um, right now, um, we are asking that people, um, register,

588
00:27:05.225 –> 00:27:08.125
um, to, uh, to have access to the hub,

589
00:27:08.145 –> 00:27:10.365
but once you register, all these resources, um,

590
00:27:10.385 –> 00:27:11.645
are available at no cost.

591
00:27:13.295 –> 00:27:15.235
Um, Maggie, maybe there’s one here for you.

592
00:27:15.655 –> 00:27:18.035
Um, are there any advantages to separating male

593
00:27:18.035 –> 00:27:20.435
and female gato fights when starting cultures?

594
00:27:22.485 –> 00:27:26.235
Um, so on a production scale, we haven’t really found that

595
00:27:26.495 –> 00:27:27.595
to be super helpful.

596
00:27:27.815 –> 00:27:29.795
The mixed cultures seem to grow much faster

597
00:27:30.415 –> 00:27:33.515
and we can produce more seed from them.

598
00:27:34.255 –> 00:27:36.075
Um, there are many groups

599
00:27:36.425 –> 00:27:39.075
that are separating out clonal cultures

600
00:27:39.095 –> 00:27:41.115
and having success growing seed from those,

601
00:27:41.295 –> 00:27:43.595
but we’re, we’re more focused on how

602
00:27:43.595 –> 00:27:45.275
to produce more seed quicker.

603
00:27:45.415 –> 00:27:46.515
So that’s our, that’s

604
00:27:46.515 –> 00:27:47.715
what we’ve been doing here at Greenway.

605
00:27:50.425 –> 00:27:53.555
Awesome. Thank you. And Josh, do you have any o other, uh,

606
00:27:53.795 –> 00:27:55.595
insights in into the value of male

607
00:27:55.595 –> 00:27:57.115
and female separating cultures?

608
00:27:58.285 –> 00:28:01.055
Yeah, so yeah, Maggie’s totally right with that.

609
00:28:01.195 –> 00:28:02.215
Uh, all those reasons.

610
00:28:02.635 –> 00:28:06.055
If you’re thinking longer term, like three years plus,

611
00:28:06.685 –> 00:28:09.975
then you might find that your ratios might begin to change

612
00:28:10.195 –> 00:28:13.095
as females might grow faster than males or vice versa.

613
00:28:13.435 –> 00:28:15.175
So your culture might need to be kind

614
00:28:15.175 –> 00:28:16.775
of rejuvenated in a way.

615
00:28:16.835 –> 00:28:20.375
So you remain at higher fertility to make sure that biomass

616
00:28:20.375 –> 00:28:23.255
to spo fight induction efficiency remains the same.

617
00:28:23.715 –> 00:28:24.855
So you still have

618
00:28:24.855 –> 00:28:27.615
that same translation from your unified cultures

619
00:28:27.615 –> 00:28:29.535
to your farm over many, many years.

620
00:28:30.075 –> 00:28:32.175
Um, but yeah, otherwise, I agree with Maggie.

621
00:28:33.965 –> 00:28:36.545
Um, ran has a question about a cost estimate

622
00:28:36.745 –> 00:28:38.265
for sitting up an initial system.

623
00:28:38.845 –> 00:28:40.705
Um, that’s a little hard to say.

624
00:28:40.885 –> 00:28:44.065
Uh, you know, the, our, our nursery platform for, for,

625
00:28:44.325 –> 00:28:47.385
for rearing seed string, um, with water treatment, um,

626
00:28:47.485 –> 00:28:49.305
can be done for around $80,000.

627
00:28:49.845 –> 00:28:52.465
Um, how much lab space you need and, and,

628
00:28:52.465 –> 00:28:55.985
and GA height source space really depends on the scale

629
00:28:55.985 –> 00:28:57.265
of the seed bank that you’re building.

630
00:28:57.365 –> 00:29:00.065
Um, so that tho those costs are not included in that figure.

631
00:29:03.075 –> 00:29:04.895
Um, let’s see.

632
00:29:05.275 –> 00:29:09.525
Uh, what, uh, what are the view

633
00:29:09.525 –> 00:29:11.005
of these seeds from the authorities in the us?

634
00:29:11.145 –> 00:29:12.645
Are they always giving an okay

635
00:29:12.645 –> 00:29:14.045
for this new kind of seedling?

636
00:29:14.545 –> 00:29:16.245
Uh, Maggie, do you wanna sort of speak to that?

637
00:29:17.705 –> 00:29:21.965
Yep. Um, so in some regions it’s okayed.

638
00:29:21.965 –> 00:29:24.805
In other regions it’s not, it’s pretty dependent on that.

639
00:29:24.985 –> 00:29:28.565
But for the most part, um, in green waves area,

640
00:29:28.785 –> 00:29:30.445
we are allowed to use GA fights.

641
00:29:30.665 –> 00:29:33.845
Um, we source them from near to,

642
00:29:34.315 –> 00:29:36.245
from within the Long Island sound near to

643
00:29:36.245 –> 00:29:39.085
where we’re giving seed from or seed to farmers.

644
00:29:39.905 –> 00:29:42.405
Um, in other regions, they might have slightly specific

645
00:29:42.745 –> 00:29:45.325
or more specific, um, requirements,

646
00:29:45.505 –> 00:29:49.455
but they’re, yeah, it’s, it’s very regionally dependent.

647
00:29:49.555 –> 00:29:51.815
So I don’t have a, a quick answer for that. Sorry.

648
00:29:53.755 –> 00:29:54.935
Um, thanks. Um,

649
00:29:55.075 –> 00:29:56.535
we have a question here about seeking

650
00:29:56.535 –> 00:29:57.895
permission to start a farm.

651
00:29:58.275 –> 00:29:59.375
Uh, we’ve got a ton

652
00:29:59.575 –> 00:30:03.575
of information on the ocean farming hub about, um, uh, in,

653
00:30:03.595 –> 00:30:06.095
in, depending on what state you’re in, uh, what,

654
00:30:06.095 –> 00:30:08.815
what the local, uh, permitting

655
00:30:08.835 –> 00:30:10.535
and licensing regime looks like.

656
00:30:10.715 –> 00:30:13.055
Um, but generally speaking, you’ll, you’ll need

657
00:30:13.055 –> 00:30:16.055
to get a lease permission to, to use, uh, the water,

658
00:30:16.105 –> 00:30:17.775
which is a common, um,

659
00:30:17.995 –> 00:30:21.255
and then, um, uh, some sort of, uh,

660
00:30:22.025 –> 00:30:25.495
permission from your state level reg regulator.

661
00:30:25.715 –> 00:30:28.215
And then oftentimes, um, also the, uh,

662
00:30:28.215 –> 00:30:31.015
from a federal regulator like the Army Corps in terms

663
00:30:31.035 –> 00:30:32.255
of having gear out in the water

664
00:30:32.255 –> 00:30:34.295
and making it’s safe for everyone.

665
00:30:34.435 –> 00:30:35.935
But each of those, uh,

666
00:30:35.935 –> 00:30:37.495
when you go into the ocean farming hub,

667
00:30:37.495 –> 00:30:39.735
and if you put in what state you’re looking to start a farm,

668
00:30:40.115 –> 00:30:41.855
uh, the hub will give you the information

669
00:30:41.855 –> 00:30:43.095
that’s relative for that state.

670
00:30:43.715 –> 00:30:45.895
Um, and, and, uh, where to

671
00:30:45.895 –> 00:30:47.175
where you can get more information.

672
00:30:48.905 –> 00:30:51.325
Uh, Maggie, how long do you hold on to gato fights

673
00:30:51.325 –> 00:30:52.365
before phasing them out?

674
00:30:52.545 –> 00:30:53.845
And are there signs to look for

675
00:30:53.845 –> 00:30:55.765
that they might not be reproductive?

676
00:30:57.385 –> 00:30:58.525
Yep. Hi Sophia.

677
00:30:58.745 –> 00:31:02.685
Um, so we, it’s slightly dependent on our production.

678
00:31:02.985 –> 00:31:06.325
Um, in last, this most recent year,

679
00:31:06.505 –> 00:31:10.205
we phased out a lot of gata fights that were three years old

680
00:31:10.205 –> 00:31:12.805
because we used almost all of them for production.

681
00:31:13.745 –> 00:31:17.885
Um, and then we’re supplementing those cultures with fresh,

682
00:31:18.345 –> 00:31:20.285
so, and new cultures each year.

683
00:31:20.945 –> 00:31:24.765
Um, signs that they’re not producing well would be, um,

684
00:31:24.835 –> 00:31:27.005
they start to get a little bit lighter in color.

685
00:31:27.155 –> 00:31:28.445
They’re not creating

686
00:31:28.465 –> 00:31:30.885
as many spora fights in our little trade tests.

687
00:31:31.905 –> 00:31:35.045
Um, Josh might have more to say about that.

688
00:31:35.205 –> 00:31:36.565
I know that they’ve looked into it a lot,

689
00:31:36.665 –> 00:31:38.845
but basically for us,

690
00:31:38.945 –> 00:31:40.685
it depends a little bit on our production.

691
00:31:40.705 –> 00:31:43.925
And then we, we’re not really keeping Gita fights

692
00:31:44.065 –> 00:31:46.285
around for five years.

693
00:31:46.375 –> 00:31:49.605
We’re kind of using up our oldest ones, uh, first

694
00:31:49.665 –> 00:31:51.245
and first out kind of rule.

695
00:31:54.115 –> 00:31:56.965
Yeah. You want me to jump in here, Maggie? Yeah.

696
00:31:57.075 –> 00:31:59.885
Yeah. So, yeah, I, again, fully agree with

697
00:31:59.885 –> 00:32:02.125
what Maggie said, and just to highlight something

698
00:32:02.125 –> 00:32:04.845
that Maggie just glossed over, which was a sify, uh,

699
00:32:05.035 –> 00:32:07.005
tray thing, we kind of, uh, label that

700
00:32:07.005 –> 00:32:08.205
as like our quality checks.

701
00:32:08.385 –> 00:32:11.245
So we do that throughout the year to understand

702
00:32:11.265 –> 00:32:13.085
how it can unify, culture will perform,

703
00:32:13.425 –> 00:32:15.165
and there’s a lot of visual triggers,

704
00:32:15.305 –> 00:32:18.365
but also just the, the check of, are they still producing

705
00:32:18.365 –> 00:32:21.645
as many spo fights as we expect is very important.

706
00:32:21.745 –> 00:32:24.365
And then that’s how we model our available biomass

707
00:32:24.545 –> 00:32:27.725
to predict our eventual, uh, production during the season.

708
00:32:28.265 –> 00:32:29.925
And those correlations are key other,

709
00:32:30.145 –> 00:32:32.525
so then you don’t have any surprises in the season

710
00:32:32.525 –> 00:32:34.045
where you’re really, uh,

711
00:32:34.045 –> 00:32:36.285
having ga fights that are underperforming.

712
00:32:36.705 –> 00:32:38.725
Um, so the quality checks as well

713
00:32:38.725 –> 00:32:41.165
as the morphological triggers the ways we we manage this.

714
00:32:42.565 –> 00:32:45.425
Thanks, Josh. Um, we have a question here about, uh,

715
00:32:45.455 –> 00:32:47.905
GreenWave creating seed banks based on the location

716
00:32:48.095 –> 00:32:49.705
that the source tissue originates.

717
00:32:50.065 –> 00:32:52.745
Absolutely. The farmers that we support, um,

718
00:32:52.875 –> 00:32:55.825
their regulators, uh, determine, uh,

719
00:32:56.255 –> 00:32:59.705
what geographies they can source, uh, material from

720
00:32:59.845 –> 00:33:01.065
to start their seed.

721
00:33:01.525 –> 00:33:04.065
And we track every single, uh, culture

722
00:33:04.255 –> 00:33:07.145
that we initiate based on the geography of

723
00:33:07.145 –> 00:33:09.025
where the source, uh, came from.

724
00:33:09.365 –> 00:33:11.945
Um, and we make sure that we only send seed back

725
00:33:11.945 –> 00:33:13.105
to that same geography.

726
00:33:13.445 –> 00:33:15.345
So we keep very close track of that.

727
00:33:16.045 –> 00:33:18.945
Um, right now we, we produce seed

728
00:33:18.945 –> 00:33:21.665
for farmers in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, uh,

729
00:33:21.775 –> 00:33:23.225
Connecticut, New York.

730
00:33:23.525 –> 00:33:26.425
Um, and we’re working with farmers now in Maine.

731
00:33:26.425 –> 00:33:28.945
And so we, we, we have, uh, very thorough

732
00:33:29.005 –> 00:33:31.625
and strict biosecurity protocols to make sure that the,

733
00:33:31.625 –> 00:33:34.105
that those, uh, different geographies are,

734
00:33:34.205 –> 00:33:35.665
are segregated within the culture

735
00:33:35.885 –> 00:33:37.065
so that they’re not commingled.

736
00:33:39.255 –> 00:33:42.475
Maggie, have you ever, uh, dealt with overgrown biomass

737
00:33:42.475 –> 00:33:45.035
where gametophyte accumulates as clumps?

738
00:33:46.325 –> 00:33:48.945
Yep. So we, there’s a grind,

739
00:33:49.065 –> 00:33:51.545
a grinding ga totes protocol in the courses.

740
00:33:52.085 –> 00:33:56.715
Um, we don’t usually see the clumps in the younger cultures,

741
00:33:56.935 –> 00:33:58.035
um, as they get older.

742
00:33:58.545 –> 00:34:02.155
Some of our, like 2-year-old cultures have pretty big tufts

743
00:34:02.415 –> 00:34:05.715
of gato fights or clumps, and we will grind those

744
00:34:05.775 –> 00:34:10.555
and then split them out into, um, a couple of new vessels so

745
00:34:10.555 –> 00:34:12.155
that they have a little bit more space.

746
00:34:14.225 –> 00:34:17.005
And maybe a, a follow up on that, um, a question about

747
00:34:17.025 –> 00:34:19.125
how frequently we fragment cultures

748
00:34:19.385 –> 00:34:21.805
and if we feel that that’s optimized

749
00:34:21.985 –> 00:34:24.965
and whether the, the growth rate, uh, of,

750
00:34:25.185 –> 00:34:28.245
of the gametes is a function of, uh, of,

751
00:34:28.265 –> 00:34:29.365
of those clump sizes.

752
00:34:31.975 –> 00:34:33.955
Um, we have not collected,

753
00:34:34.065 –> 00:34:35.795
GreenWave has not collected a lot

754
00:34:35.795 –> 00:34:38.315
of information about the growth rate as a function

755
00:34:38.315 –> 00:34:39.315
of the clump sizes.

756
00:34:39.655 –> 00:34:43.595
Um, we’re only grinding them when either we’re about

757
00:34:43.595 –> 00:34:45.115
to paint them onto spools

758
00:34:45.215 –> 00:34:50.195
or they are big clumps like three millimeters in size.

759
00:34:50.225 –> 00:34:53.955
Otherwise, um, we kind of let them be, as long

760
00:34:53.955 –> 00:34:58.835
as they’re growing and they’re happy, um, yeah,

761
00:34:58.835 –> 00:35:00.955
sorry, don’t have much information about the growth rate

762
00:35:01.195 –> 00:35:04.115
question, but theoretically they might, um,

763
00:35:04.455 –> 00:35:05.595
be growing slightly slower

764
00:35:05.595 –> 00:35:07.995
because the Gita fights inside the ball

765
00:35:08.055 –> 00:35:10.795
or are getting maybe less resources.

766
00:35:14.295 –> 00:35:17.835
Um, we’ve got a question here about, um, inbreeding

767
00:35:17.895 –> 00:35:19.595
or other genetic diversity problems

768
00:35:19.595 –> 00:35:21.675
that might arise from keeping long-term

769
00:35:21.705 –> 00:35:22.835
gametophyte cultures.

770
00:35:26.205 –> 00:35:27.575
Yeah, Tristan.

771
00:35:27.715 –> 00:35:31.285
So, um, that’s part of the reason we’re supplementing

772
00:35:31.285 –> 00:35:32.685
with Wild Source each year.

773
00:35:33.185 –> 00:35:37.685
And we’re using first in, first out for our to fight pro

774
00:35:37.705 –> 00:35:39.005
or for our seed production.

775
00:35:39.545 –> 00:35:41.675
Um, the nature,

776
00:35:41.885 –> 00:35:45.795
we’re assuming nature is doing a pretty good job at keeping

777
00:35:45.825 –> 00:35:50.315
diversity and, um, you know, the kelp in,

778
00:35:50.335 –> 00:35:53.035
in the wild beds are dealing with the climate

779
00:35:53.655 –> 00:35:55.915
the same way our kelp that’s gonna be on the farm is.

780
00:35:56.335 –> 00:35:59.595
So supplementing with that wild source, uh, we think is,

781
00:35:59.935 –> 00:36:03.395
is helping keep the genetic diversity similar

782
00:36:04.095 –> 00:36:08.995
to the wild, um, populations, um, and,

783
00:36:09.055 –> 00:36:11.875
and keep our farms growing as best as they can in that

784
00:36:12.385 –> 00:36:14.475
same farm environment as the wild beds.

785
00:36:16.865 –> 00:36:20.725
Thanks. Um, what do we estimate the maintenance

786
00:36:20.725 –> 00:36:22.005
of a seed bank annually

787
00:36:22.065 –> 00:36:24.205
for a hundred thousand feet of seed string?

788
00:36:25.065 –> 00:36:29.245
Uh, I, I, I’ll, I’ll take a crack at this

789
00:36:29.245 –> 00:36:31.445
because it’s a very hard question to answer, quite frankly.

790
00:36:31.865 –> 00:36:35.685
Um, the, the team that, that we have a, a team of two that,

791
00:36:35.685 –> 00:36:37.965
that runs our seed bank and our nursery.

792
00:36:38.105 –> 00:36:42.045
Um, uh, but in addition to managing the facility, uh,

793
00:36:42.105 –> 00:36:44.645
Maggie does things like develop the materials that,

794
00:36:44.645 –> 00:36:47.405
that we’re putting up on the, on the hub today, um,

795
00:36:47.505 –> 00:36:50.005
and provides supports, uh, to farmers and,

796
00:36:50.005 –> 00:36:52.765
and nurseries, um, around the country, um,

797
00:36:52.765 –> 00:36:53.765
and across North America.

798
00:36:53.985 –> 00:36:56.765
So there, there’s not really a one-to-one answer here.

799
00:36:57.225 –> 00:37:01.565
Um, uh, uh, I, I, I think, um, maintaining, uh,

800
00:37:01.875 –> 00:37:04.645
like in there, there’s a labor cost and a facilities cost.

801
00:37:05.065 –> 00:37:07.725
Um, a a hundred thousand feet of seed string, um,

802
00:37:07.785 –> 00:37:08.845
is gonna take, um,

803
00:37:08.845 –> 00:37:12.205
something more than a refrigerator in terms of cold room.

804
00:37:12.665 –> 00:37:14.165
Um, and so you’ll, you’ll need,

805
00:37:14.165 –> 00:37:16.845
you’ll need some infrastructure in that and on that side,

806
00:37:16.865 –> 00:37:20.485
and it’s less than a full-time job, but, um, I wouldn’t try

807
00:37:20.485 –> 00:37:22.885
and do it just, um, during an evening

808
00:37:22.905 –> 00:37:24.205
or weekend type regime.

809
00:37:24.505 –> 00:37:25.965
Um, so you need to try

810
00:37:25.965 –> 00:37:29.805
and find some operator capacity that that can be, uh,

811
00:37:29.965 –> 00:37:31.365
maybe not full-time, but

812
00:37:31.425 –> 00:37:33.965
but able to devote full-time, like attention

813
00:37:33.985 –> 00:37:35.285
during certain times of year.

814
00:37:39.755 –> 00:37:40.755
Um,

815
00:37:43.305 –> 00:37:47.305
I see a question about, um, making sure the ratio of males

816
00:37:47.305 –> 00:37:48.865
and females is right.

817
00:37:49.165 –> 00:37:53.385
So, um, we’re checking our mixed cultures throughout the

818
00:37:53.385 –> 00:37:55.265
year, um, and especially right

819
00:37:55.265 –> 00:37:58.545
before seeding to check that ratio along

820
00:37:58.545 –> 00:38:02.385
with other things like contamination, um, general health.

821
00:38:03.005 –> 00:38:07.425
And generally, as long as it’s somewhere between 40 to 60

822
00:38:07.765 –> 00:38:10.625
or 50 50, we consider that a good ratio.

823
00:38:11.155 –> 00:38:13.745
We’re, we’re not super particular about it,

824
00:38:13.745 –> 00:38:15.305
but like Josh mentioned, some

825
00:38:15.305 –> 00:38:17.305
of the older cultures can get out of balance.

826
00:38:17.685 –> 00:38:21.305
Um, and in that case, we would add different cultures

827
00:38:21.305 –> 00:38:23.345
to them so that there’s us

828
00:38:23.865 –> 00:38:25.665
a better ratio of the males to females.

829
00:38:28.295 –> 00:38:30.545
I’ve got a question here about, um, seeding twine

830
00:38:30.625 –> 00:38:33.705
with spora fights, um, resulting in better overall yields.

831
00:38:34.245 –> 00:38:37.765
Um, and you know, we, we have, we have, we have trialed, um,

832
00:38:38.475 –> 00:38:42.445
seeding from spores, spora fights, gato bytes, um,

833
00:38:42.785 –> 00:38:45.605
and we don’t think, uh, you know, it’s kind of hard

834
00:38:45.605 –> 00:38:47.045
to control for all the variables

835
00:38:47.145 –> 00:38:48.805
and in the way that you might want to,

836
00:38:48.805 –> 00:38:53.125
but in our experience, what matters most is, is capturing,

837
00:38:53.745 –> 00:38:57.405
um, the, the nutrient pulse and, and the, and the,

838
00:38:57.585 –> 00:39:00.405
and the light available, um, and, and,

839
00:39:00.545 –> 00:39:01.685
and water temperature.

840
00:39:01.685 –> 00:39:05.085
So we’re looking at those factors, um, uh, and

841
00:39:05.085 –> 00:39:07.765
and shooting for around bet just above 60 degrees.

842
00:39:07.925 –> 00:39:09.245
F we’ve found, and,

843
00:39:09.465 –> 00:39:12.885
and our geography is sort of the optimal, uh, the indicator

844
00:39:12.885 –> 00:39:14.245
of the optimal outplant time.

845
00:39:14.585 –> 00:39:15.605
Um, and no matter

846
00:39:15.635 –> 00:39:18.525
what the seed is propagated from getting it out at that, at

847
00:39:18.525 –> 00:39:20.485
that moment in the season is, is going

848
00:39:20.485 –> 00:39:21.805
to result in the best yields.

849
00:39:25.155 –> 00:39:27.775
Uh, we’ve got a question here about partnering with Bigelow.

850
00:39:27.955 –> 00:39:30.975
Um, yeah, Bigelow has a fantastic collection, um,

851
00:39:30.995 –> 00:39:33.735
that’s much broader than our collection will ever be.

852
00:39:34.115 –> 00:39:36.295
Um, I, I think this question sort of gets to

853
00:39:36.325 –> 00:39:40.255
what our goals are about being a production scale, uh,

854
00:39:40.735 –> 00:39:42.655
facility that, that can support the needs

855
00:39:42.655 –> 00:39:45.095
of farmers directly rather than building a sort

856
00:39:45.095 –> 00:39:47.495
of genetic library that might be more useful

857
00:39:47.795 –> 00:39:51.015
for the purposes of research or, or even someday breeding.

858
00:39:51.155 –> 00:39:53.015
And so we’re very much, uh,

859
00:39:53.015 –> 00:39:56.455
focused on just controlling the timing of the process, um,

860
00:39:56.635 –> 00:39:59.895
and, and annually adding more materials to the collection,

861
00:40:00.195 –> 00:40:04.585
um, to achieve those goals. Uh,

862
00:40:05.145 –> 00:40:07.745
I see a question about induction protocols.

863
00:40:08.245 –> 00:40:11.465
So I just wanted to clarify and then answer your question.

864
00:40:11.565 –> 00:40:14.065
So we’re not inducing the Gita fights

865
00:40:14.065 –> 00:40:16.185
before we paint them onto spools in any way.

866
00:40:16.295 –> 00:40:18.905
They are, um, fertilizing

867
00:40:19.045 –> 00:40:21.345
and inducing in the tank on the spools.

868
00:40:21.405 –> 00:40:24.305
So that kind of cuts out that time for us

869
00:40:24.365 –> 00:40:26.745
to be putting Gita fights, mixing them

870
00:40:26.845 –> 00:40:29.305
and putting them in a culture under white light

871
00:40:29.325 –> 00:40:31.025
and then inducing them and then painting them.

872
00:40:31.565 –> 00:40:33.745
Um, we’re skipping that step.

873
00:40:34.405 –> 00:40:37.265
So for when we’re checking, like I mentioned earlier,

874
00:40:38.125 –> 00:40:41.945
for their reproductive ability, um, we follow a, a similar

875
00:40:42.455 –> 00:40:43.745
pathway just

876
00:40:43.745 –> 00:40:46.785
because that’s how they will be, that’s how we need them to,

877
00:40:47.365 –> 00:40:49.385
to behave like in the tank.

878
00:40:49.525 –> 00:40:53.225
So we just put some of the mixed culture into, um,

879
00:40:53.385 –> 00:40:55.905
a little tray that’s easier to look at under the microscope

880
00:40:55.965 –> 00:40:59.505
and then, um, put that under white light at a similar level

881
00:40:59.505 –> 00:41:00.625
that we put our spools under

882
00:41:00.725 –> 00:41:02.625
and then check that in a couple of weeks.

883
00:41:04.485 –> 00:41:06.985
Maggie, we’ve got a question here about the rate of growth

884
00:41:07.005 –> 00:41:09.985
for gato fights, which I, I’m, I’m, I’m gring at myself

885
00:41:09.985 –> 00:41:11.305
because I’m always asking Maggie

886
00:41:11.405 –> 00:41:14.145
for like a third grade algebra equation that can tell me

887
00:41:14.205 –> 00:41:15.745
how quickly these cultures will grow.

888
00:41:17.795 –> 00:41:19.165
Yeah. Um, it varies.

889
00:41:19.495 –> 00:41:22.245
There are sometimes growing super fast.

890
00:41:22.865 –> 00:41:25.965
Um, sometimes you can’t really tell they’re growing

891
00:41:25.985 –> 00:41:27.885
unless you go on vacation for a week

892
00:41:27.885 –> 00:41:29.325
and come back and look at them.

893
00:41:29.905 –> 00:41:31.445
Um, we don’t have an exact number

894
00:41:31.505 –> 00:41:35.405
for the growth rate growth, um, where you’ve been trying

895
00:41:35.505 –> 00:41:37.245
to measure and figure that out.

896
00:41:37.305 –> 00:41:39.365
But yeah, at the moment we don’t have an exact number.

897
00:41:39.725 –> 00:41:41.205
I don’t know, Josh, if you have, um,

898
00:41:41.745 –> 00:41:44.445
you guys have seen anything else for the, the growth rate

899
00:41:44.445 –> 00:41:46.685
for Guita fights at orr? Uh,

900
00:41:46.705 –> 00:41:48.845
It, yeah, it’s, unfortunately it’s very culture specific.

901
00:41:49.065 –> 00:41:51.485
And also if the objective is to we’re, you know,

902
00:41:51.575 –> 00:41:54.125
we’re on track, so let’s keep it relatively dormant and safe

903
00:41:54.125 –> 00:41:56.645
and try not to touch it, or we’re a little bit behind,

904
00:41:56.665 –> 00:41:58.405
so let’s throw everything we want at

905
00:41:58.405 –> 00:41:59.445
it and take a few risks.

906
00:41:59.665 –> 00:42:01.725
So there’s not really a blanket rule.

907
00:42:01.865 –> 00:42:04.405
Uh, like Toby, people have bent my arm and,

908
00:42:04.585 –> 00:42:07.925
and really wanted a number, so I try keep it vague.

909
00:42:07.985 –> 00:42:09.725
And I say between 30

910
00:42:09.825 –> 00:42:13.405
and 60% growth a month is a ballpark to work within.

911
00:42:13.905 –> 00:42:15.525
Um, but we can move that higher

912
00:42:15.525 –> 00:42:17.165
or lower depending on the objectives.

913
00:42:19.965 –> 00:42:22.305
Um, we’ve got a question here about would it be easier

914
00:42:22.365 –> 00:42:23.905
to apply cryo preservation

915
00:42:23.925 –> 00:42:25.345
or freeze drying techniques

916
00:42:25.405 –> 00:42:28.545
to preserve genetic diversity possibly after bulking?

917
00:42:29.205 –> 00:42:32.345
Um, it, it, it might be easier if one had access

918
00:42:32.365 –> 00:42:35.425
to those resources and, and was practiced in using them.

919
00:42:35.845 –> 00:42:39.585
Um, but, but we were very much focused on, uh,

920
00:42:39.725 –> 00:42:42.265
on building a model that didn’t require specialized

921
00:42:42.265 –> 00:42:43.945
equipment or expertise to operate.

922
00:42:44.325 –> 00:42:46.585
Uh, so that was sort of outside the parameters of what we,

923
00:42:46.585 –> 00:42:49.465
what what we thought was, uh, was achievable for us.

924
00:42:52.695 –> 00:42:55.275
Um, are the ga fights grown in static cultures?

925
00:42:55.375 –> 00:42:56.755
Do you incorporate aeration?

926
00:42:58.615 –> 00:43:01.145
They are in static cultures. There’s no aeration.

927
00:43:01.365 –> 00:43:04.785
Um, back to that contamination thing, we’re just trying

928
00:43:04.805 –> 00:43:06.905
to touch them as little as we can

929
00:43:07.005 –> 00:43:09.825
and introduce new things as little as we can.

930
00:43:10.045 –> 00:43:12.345
Um, ’cause we do want them to stick around

931
00:43:12.405 –> 00:43:13.425
for a year or two.

932
00:43:13.685 –> 00:43:18.025
Um, so, and the aeration can sometimes just be extra thing

933
00:43:18.025 –> 00:43:19.145
that’s going into the culture.

934
00:43:19.765 –> 00:43:23.545
Um, our culture containers too do allow some gas exchange.

935
00:43:23.885 –> 00:43:27.465
Um, so they, they’re getting, they’re getting the air

936
00:43:27.665 –> 00:43:28.825
that they need, but they’re,

937
00:43:28.825 –> 00:43:30.225
they’re not being bubbled or anything.

938
00:43:31.395 –> 00:43:34.335
Thanks. Um, Josh, a question about, um,

939
00:43:34.425 –> 00:43:36.575
morphology check-ins for Gato fight health

940
00:43:36.635 –> 00:43:38.335
and if there’s a research resource

941
00:43:38.355 –> 00:43:40.255
for interpreting these observations?

942
00:43:42.035 –> 00:43:43.635
I don’t, I, it’s a good question about

943
00:43:43.635 –> 00:43:44.755
is there a public resource?

944
00:43:44.835 –> 00:43:47.595
I don’t know. Simply put, uh, we have a production team

945
00:43:47.715 –> 00:43:48.795
who has specialized in this.

946
00:43:48.895 –> 00:43:50.155
So after seeing thousands

947
00:43:50.155 –> 00:43:51.755
and thousands of cultures, it’s a, is a,

948
00:43:51.755 –> 00:43:53.275
we have a in integrated process,

949
00:43:54.215 –> 00:43:57.315
but, um, I don’t know if there’s public literature available

950
00:43:57.375 –> 00:44:00.475
to look for certain infections or deterioration triggers.

951
00:44:00.655 –> 00:44:02.875
Uh, to be honest, that’s something we, um,

952
00:44:03.145 –> 00:44:04.195
develop internally.

953
00:44:04.535 –> 00:44:06.915
But maybe Maggie, I actually throw you the ball there.

954
00:44:06.915 –> 00:44:08.555
Do you know of any public literature that,

955
00:44:08.655 –> 00:44:09.715
uh, can support that?

956
00:44:11.435 –> 00:44:12.815
Um, Yeah,

957
00:44:13.935 –> 00:44:15.415
I know that they exist,

958
00:44:15.475 –> 00:44:17.215
but I would have to find the resource.

959
00:44:17.595 –> 00:44:20.375
Um, I, I think there are some that kind

960
00:44:20.375 –> 00:44:22.295
of outline the exact morphology.

961
00:44:22.615 –> 00:44:25.015
I know that, um, Dr. Charles Y’s

962
00:44:25.675 –> 00:44:30.375
papers in some cases have morphology, um, outlined in them.

963
00:44:30.515 –> 00:44:33.565
So I would maybe suggest just kind of heading to the,

964
00:44:34.475 –> 00:44:36.255
to the resources section.

965
00:44:37.125 –> 00:44:38.775
Yeah. Unfortunately for us, we had

966
00:44:38.775 –> 00:44:40.255
to develop a lot of things for scale.

967
00:44:40.915 –> 00:44:42.455
Um, always, um,

968
00:44:42.985 –> 00:44:45.495
connecting the GA unified morphology in health

969
00:44:45.845 –> 00:44:47.295
into SPO ified efficiency.

970
00:44:47.595 –> 00:44:49.935
So that bridge for us is very important.

971
00:44:50.005 –> 00:44:52.095
Therefore, we needed to kind of make more,

972
00:44:52.465 –> 00:44:55.175
let’s say bespoke, uh, QC procedures.

973
00:44:57.885 –> 00:45:00.025
Uh, we’ve got a question here about twine seeding

974
00:45:00.025 –> 00:45:01.145
versus direct seeding.

975
00:45:01.285 –> 00:45:04.465
Um, for our farms, uh, we’ve found twine seeding

976
00:45:04.465 –> 00:45:05.505
to be very, very effective.

977
00:45:05.605 –> 00:45:08.305
Um, and we, we, we have not had the best luck

978
00:45:08.305 –> 00:45:09.505
with direct seating.

979
00:45:09.605 –> 00:45:11.985
Um, uh, I think that sort

980
00:45:11.985 –> 00:45:14.545
of back at the top when I talked a little bit about our

981
00:45:14.545 –> 00:45:17.745
desire to find solutions that were validated, um,

982
00:45:17.805 –> 00:45:20.225
and not engage in, in cycles of r

983
00:45:20.225 –> 00:45:21.785
and d, that can sometimes open

984
00:45:21.785 –> 00:45:22.865
up more questions than answers.

985
00:45:23.325 –> 00:45:26.385
Um, we, we haven’t put a lot of energy into direct seating.

986
00:45:26.765 –> 00:45:30.345
Um, but certainly, uh, seed banking and, and,

987
00:45:30.645 –> 00:45:33.225
and, uh, bulking of ga unified cultures, um,

988
00:45:33.325 –> 00:45:35.705
is an important step, uh, in that technique.

989
00:45:36.005 –> 00:45:37.505
Um, and for some farms

990
00:45:37.505 –> 00:45:39.585
and some sites has, has been really successful.

991
00:45:41.845 –> 00:45:44.265
Uh, Maggie, a question, uh, guessing

992
00:45:44.265 –> 00:45:47.105
that you’re using f over two, have you tried using PES

993
00:45:47.105 –> 00:45:50.145
or something else and culturing under white light instead?

994
00:45:51.635 –> 00:45:53.815
Um, so we are using F two.

995
00:45:54.235 –> 00:45:56.255
Um, we’re using a powdered form of it

996
00:45:56.455 –> 00:45:57.935
’cause it keeps for a little bit longer.

997
00:45:58.555 –> 00:46:01.095
And the reason we’re using the F two is just

998
00:46:01.095 –> 00:46:02.775
because it’s cheap and readily available.

999
00:46:03.195 –> 00:46:06.335
Um, I know other people are using PES

1000
00:46:06.395 –> 00:46:09.295
and other, um, out media solutions,

1001
00:46:09.635 –> 00:46:12.255
but they’re a little bit more expensive to make,

1002
00:46:12.515 –> 00:46:13.695
um, and they take up time.

1003
00:46:14.235 –> 00:46:18.335
Um, and at a production scale, we’re using, you know, liters

1004
00:46:18.335 –> 00:46:19.575
of nutrients in a month.

1005
00:46:19.595 –> 00:46:22.255
So we, we, that would be very expensive for us.

1006
00:46:23.195 –> 00:46:25.055
Um, so we haven’t tried that.

1007
00:46:25.555 –> 00:46:26.615
We do use F two

1008
00:46:27.235 –> 00:46:30.215
and it’s pretty, um, cost and time effective.

1009
00:46:32.785 –> 00:46:34.885
And, and then there was also a question there about

1010
00:46:35.125 –> 00:46:36.205
culturing under white light.

1011
00:46:39.535 –> 00:46:42.875
Um, yeah, I think like Charlie said, or that, uh, like Dr.

1012
00:46:43.025 –> 00:46:46.075
Yers said in the chat, he said, you, if you wanted

1013
00:46:46.075 –> 00:46:47.835
to culture under white light, you do need

1014
00:46:47.835 –> 00:46:49.435
to use the iron free media.

1015
00:46:50.215 –> 00:46:51.795
Um, that just keeps them from

1016
00:46:51.975 –> 00:46:53.835
and keeps the gata fights from inducing.

1017
00:46:57.095 –> 00:46:59.275
Um, is the incubation time the same

1018
00:46:59.295 –> 00:47:02.155
for myos four seed spools as gata fights seed spools,

1019
00:47:02.255 –> 00:47:03.555
or how much shorter?

1020
00:47:07.715 –> 00:47:11.815
Um, about, so we’re, we’re thinking about a week

1021
00:47:11.815 –> 00:47:13.775
and a half to a week shorter.

1022
00:47:13.995 –> 00:47:16.495
It does vary slightly depending on the, um,

1023
00:47:16.765 –> 00:47:17.895
seed mix that we use.

1024
00:47:18.555 –> 00:47:20.775
Um, sometimes it seems to be two weeks shorter.

1025
00:47:22.855 –> 00:47:27.395
Um, yeah, it, it kind of varies, but it is, it is shorter.

1026
00:47:30.355 –> 00:47:34.245
Perfect. Um, I think that’s all the, the questions

1027
00:47:34.245 –> 00:47:36.605
that we had in the t in the queue.

1028
00:47:37.545 –> 00:47:40.445
Um, maybe we’ll give it 30 seconds here.

1029
00:47:40.445 –> 00:47:42.885
If, if anybody has anything, any, any burning questions

1030
00:47:42.885 –> 00:47:43.885
that they haven’t thought of

1031
00:47:45.065 –> 00:47:49.925
and truly, um, uh, how about testing induction

1032
00:47:49.925 –> 00:47:52.485
before seating to select more reproductive cultures?

1033
00:47:56.495 –> 00:47:59.235
Um, we could, we haven’t had an issue with it,

1034
00:47:59.295 –> 00:48:03.115
and it does take a while to set up the little trays

1035
00:48:03.135 –> 00:48:04.435
and count SPO fights.

1036
00:48:04.655 –> 00:48:08.435
Um, so most of the stuff we’re doing, we could do it,

1037
00:48:08.615 –> 00:48:10.355
but in the interest of time

1038
00:48:10.655 –> 00:48:14.315
and providing a lot of seed at a production scale, we,

1039
00:48:14.775 –> 00:48:15.795
we skip those things

1040
00:48:15.795 –> 00:48:17.795
because they’re not necessary yet for us.

1041
00:48:18.175 –> 00:48:20.115
If they became necessary at any point,

1042
00:48:20.455 –> 00:48:21.715
we would have to make time for ’em.

1043
00:48:21.715 –> 00:48:22.955
But, um, yeah, we’re not,

1044
00:48:22.955 –> 00:48:24.435
we’re not doing those things at the moment.

1045
00:48:25.715 –> 00:48:29.695
Um, I wanna go back, just one of Tristan’s questions from

1046
00:48:29.695 –> 00:48:31.055
before that we kind of missed.

1047
00:48:31.195 –> 00:48:33.095
Um, does seeding twine

1048
00:48:33.095 –> 00:48:35.935
with spora fights result in better overall yields?

1049
00:48:36.275 –> 00:48:38.455
Um, we’ve tested this a couple of times.

1050
00:48:38.635 –> 00:48:40.295
We haven’t gotten, um,

1051
00:48:40.365 –> 00:48:43.495
very conclusive results in either way.

1052
00:48:43.885 –> 00:48:47.055
When we seeded with spore fights, we were, were required

1053
00:48:47.055 –> 00:48:50.015
to use less gato fight biomass, so it, uh,

1054
00:48:50.015 –> 00:48:52.255
would save biomass in that way.

1055
00:48:52.315 –> 00:48:56.495
But, um, unfortunately our farms on the line kind of,

1056
00:48:56.515 –> 00:48:59.655
or lines on the farm kind of got hit by storm or,

1057
00:48:59.755 –> 00:49:00.815
or broken, whichever way.

1058
00:49:00.815 –> 00:49:04.745
So we haven’t, um, been able to draw a conclusion from that.

1059
00:49:06.085 –> 00:49:09.585
Maggie, how many donor uh, cultures do we target for a,

1060
00:49:09.805 –> 00:49:11.625
for a new geography when we’re starting?

1061
00:49:12.905 –> 00:49:16.285
Um, so it’s a, it does depend slightly on the geography.

1062
00:49:16.825 –> 00:49:19.725
Um, for example, Alaska, they, they’re

1063
00:49:20.405 –> 00:49:22.845
geographical regions per se, are a lot smaller

1064
00:49:23.165 –> 00:49:25.285
’cause they have, um, different regulatory rules

1065
00:49:25.945 –> 00:49:27.085
for Southern New England.

1066
00:49:27.665 –> 00:49:31.365
Um, ex excluding New York, uh, for the Long Island sound,

1067
00:49:31.365 –> 00:49:32.805
excluding New York, I should say.

1068
00:49:33.145 –> 00:49:35.565
Um, that’s considered one geographical region.

1069
00:49:35.865 –> 00:49:40.365
So we have about 800 cultures for Long Island Sound,

1070
00:49:40.395 –> 00:49:43.005
excluding new or including New York.

1071
00:49:43.465 –> 00:49:47.925
We can plant New York in other spots in Long Island sound,

1072
00:49:47.925 –> 00:49:49.685
but we can’t do it vice versa.

1073
00:49:49.945 –> 00:49:51.925
So it does depend slightly on that.

1074
00:49:52.105 –> 00:49:54.935
Um, we have found

1075
00:49:54.935 –> 00:49:57.575
that starting cultures from 25

1076
00:49:57.795 –> 00:50:02.695
or so blades has gotten us to a gamify yield within a year

1077
00:50:02.765 –> 00:50:07.295
that we can seed, um, one of our tanks, which is,

1078
00:50:09.265 –> 00:50:11.005
uh, do you remember 96?

1079
00:50:11.015 –> 00:50:12.805
About 9,600 feet? Yeah. Yeah.

1080
00:50:17.305 –> 00:50:18.805
Uh, and somebody’s just clarifying,

1081
00:50:18.805 –> 00:50:20.205
but we don’t start any induction

1082
00:50:20.205 –> 00:50:21.645
before painting onto the twine.

1083
00:50:21.845 –> 00:50:25.325
That, that’s correct. The thees get fractionated

1084
00:50:25.545 –> 00:50:26.805
and painted onto schools

1085
00:50:27.105 –> 00:50:29.405
and then, uh, put into the grow tanks,

1086
00:50:29.545 –> 00:50:30.605
and that’s where they, uh,

1087
00:50:30.605 –> 00:50:31.965
where they’re exposed to white light.

1088
00:50:35.675 –> 00:50:38.535
Uh, Tristan’s asking, uh, another question that I like

1089
00:50:38.535 –> 00:50:42.255
to ask a lot, uh, which is, uh, resources to indicate when

1090
00:50:42.255 –> 00:50:45.295
and where to find seaweed, um, that, that has, uh,

1091
00:50:45.295 –> 00:50:46.855
good brie source on it.

1092
00:50:48.815 –> 00:50:52.075
Uh, again, unfortunately it depends on the region

1093
00:50:52.255 –> 00:50:53.515
and it depends on the species,

1094
00:50:53.935 –> 00:50:58.075
but we do know that what’s consistent across regions is

1095
00:50:58.075 –> 00:51:01.035
that they’re triggered by the change in light, um,

1096
00:51:01.415 –> 00:51:03.555
and some other environmental factors.

1097
00:51:04.015 –> 00:51:06.115
For the most part, we’re seeing the seaweed

1098
00:51:06.895 –> 00:51:08.995
in rocky areas in our region.

1099
00:51:09.415 –> 00:51:13.435
Um, and so we just kind of, we have some spots

1100
00:51:13.435 –> 00:51:15.475
that we know we usually can find stuff at,

1101
00:51:15.495 –> 00:51:20.275
but if you’re starting new, you can look for rocky areas

1102
00:51:20.465 –> 00:51:23.195
that have medium wave exposure.

1103
00:51:23.335 –> 00:51:27.235
And then we, even in the areas where we know we can find it,

1104
00:51:27.235 –> 00:51:29.435
have to check every other week

1105
00:51:29.495 –> 00:51:31.835
or every week during the fall, um,

1106
00:51:32.145 –> 00:51:33.275
when we’re looking for source.

1107
00:51:33.495 –> 00:51:36.675
So it, there’s no, no answer

1108
00:51:36.705 –> 00:51:38.595
that will get you the source every time,

1109
00:51:38.735 –> 00:51:41.915
but, um, it’ll require some frequent checks in the,

1110
00:51:42.495 –> 00:51:44.275
in a couple of swims, I would say.

1111
00:51:44.475 –> 00:51:46.995
I guess maybe a few in the fall.

1112
00:51:48.585 –> 00:51:51.355
Yeah, we, we, when, when we’re seeking, so, um, we,

1113
00:51:51.355 –> 00:51:53.915
we generally sort of guesstimate a window based on,

1114
00:51:53.975 –> 00:51:55.035
on prior experience

1115
00:51:55.055 –> 00:51:58.595
and then schedule a series of trips, um, uh,

1116
00:51:58.595 –> 00:52:00.715
maybe four over the course of three or four weeks.

1117
00:52:00.775 –> 00:52:03.955
And, and hopefully we don’t need to, to go out or,

1118
00:52:03.955 –> 00:52:05.835
or send our partners out on all of them.

1119
00:52:06.255 –> 00:52:08.755
Um, but, uh, it gives us a higher chance

1120
00:52:08.755 –> 00:52:09.875
of, of finding that source.

1121
00:52:16.445 –> 00:52:18.985
All right. I think we are through all the questions.

1122
00:52:19.205 –> 00:52:21.225
Um, I just wanna reiterate, thank you all so much

1123
00:52:21.225 –> 00:52:23.705
for joining us today and reiterate what Maggie said.

1124
00:52:24.165 –> 00:52:27.185
Um, we’re really encouraging people to bring their questions

1125
00:52:27.185 –> 00:52:30.705
and insights, um, onto the ocean farming hub

1126
00:52:30.705 –> 00:52:31.785
to the community section.

1127
00:52:32.365 –> 00:52:34.505
Um, if, if, if you have a question,

1128
00:52:34.505 –> 00:52:36.385
you’re probably not the first person to have it,

1129
00:52:36.405 –> 00:52:37.785
and you’re probably not the only person

1130
00:52:37.785 –> 00:52:39.505
that would really benefit from seeing the answer.

1131
00:52:39.965 –> 00:52:44.505
Um, and so, uh, when people are able to, uh, to share there,

1132
00:52:44.605 –> 00:52:47.185
it really builds the industry’s body of knowledge.

1133
00:52:47.525 –> 00:52:50.505
Um, and, and it helps move, move our work ahead together,

1134
00:52:50.885 –> 00:52:53.265
um, and helps us collaborate in new ways and,

1135
00:52:53.285 –> 00:52:56.785
and maybe even find, uh, new partners in our geography

1136
00:52:56.785 –> 00:52:59.905
that we can team up with and leverage, um, uh, resources

1137
00:52:59.905 –> 00:53:02.425
and expertise, uh, to move our projects ahead.

1138
00:53:02.885 –> 00:53:04.585
Um, Josh, again, thank you so much

1139
00:53:04.725 –> 00:53:06.745
for joining us from the evening your time.

1140
00:53:07.125 –> 00:53:09.905
And Maggie, uh, so fantastic to see all

1141
00:53:09.905 –> 00:53:12.425
of your hard work put pen to paper here, um,

1142
00:53:12.425 –> 00:53:14.465
in these protocols shared with the industry.

1143
00:53:14.845 –> 00:53:17.705
Um, we look forward to seeing people on the community

1144
00:53:17.705 –> 00:53:19.025
and continuing this conversation.

1145
00:53:19.285 –> 00:53:21.065
Thanks again so much for joining today.